Employee Benefit Plans and the Employment Relationship

According to Romanian law, an employer is entitled to establish the organisation and functioning of a company. This article examines drafting and consulting on rules and regulations, acknowledgement of rules and regulations by employees, issues covered by rules and regulations, including controversial issues such as disciplinary action, mandatory character of rules and regulations, legal compliance of rules and regulations and other written policies, in relation to collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) and employment contracts. For a full list of recommended employment lawyers and law firms, see PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits law. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.  

This article considers how the October 2011 abolition of the default retirement age in the UK and proposed legislation on flexible working will affect employers of all sizes and across all sectors, in the months and years ahead. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

A Checklist of independent contractor classification considerations and practical steps a company can take to minimize the risk of misclassification of employees as independent contractors. This Checklist considers individual workers and using outside firms as independent contractors. It is jurisdiction-neutral.

Originally, non-competition agreements were predominately limited to competition activities within the country where employees have previously performed their work duties. In the global marketplace, these agreements are now increasingly concluded in the context of cross-border labour mobility. This article considers the two principal concerns that arise for employers and their companies in this international context when considering applying and enforcing non-competition agreements: The law the employer and the employee have chosen to apply to the non-competition agreement may not apply. In the event of a legal dispute, the appealed local court may not have jurisdiction to settle the dispute. The authors examine these risks and solution strategies by scrutinising the legal framework for cross-border mobility connected to at least one of the EU member states, outlining some key actions to take to build a successful strategy for handling these challenges from a European law perspective. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This chapter is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg  

A Note describing the key benefits issues to consider when the employment relationship with a senior executive is terminated, including a step-by-step guide on actions the business organization should take. It explains how to review existing entitlements, what elements to consider and how to negotiate and draft the separation agreement.

The US Supreme Court ruled in Nitro-Lift v. Howard that by declaring the noncompetition agreements in two employment contracts null and void, rather than leaving that determination to the arbitrator, the Oklahoma Supreme Court ignored the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA)'s national policy favoring arbitration.

This chapter considers current trends in the termination of employees, particularly in the negotiation of severance and compromise agreements, in Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK (England and Wales).

A separation agreement (also commonly referred to as a severance agreement) between an employer and a departing employee specifying terms of the employee's separation from employment, including a release of legal claims against the employer in exchange for a benefit. This Standard Document is drafted in favor of the employer and has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips. This Standard Document is based on federal law. For information on state law requirements, see the State Q&A Tools under Related Content to the right.

This article examines the various complications that must be considered when drafting restrictive covenants in Canada which are capable of enforcement against former employees after they leave employment. Both non-competition and non-solicitation covenants are analysed, together with current judicial trends, descending scope clauses and over-reaching, and practical tips for drafting are included. The Ontario courts' relaxation of the rules when non-competition is a condition of a post-employment benefit is also examined, along with the specialised approach of the Québec courts. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC global guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg.

This article examines the main options available to businesses with operations in Italy and in the EU when reductions in force (RIFs) are being considered. In particular, it considers the importance of the information and consultation process, transfers of undertakings, collective dismissals in the EU, managing excess workers in Italy, dismissals in Italy and collective dismissals in Italy. For a full list of recommended labour and employee benefits lawyers and law firms, please visit PLC Which lawyer? This article is part of the PLC global guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/labour-mjg

This table is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This checklist outlines the types of relationships to certain employee benefit plans that will confer disqualified person status on an individual or entity for purposes of the prohibited transaction rules under Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC).

On February 22, 2012, President Obama signed the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, which extends through December 31, 2012, the reduced payroll tax rate of 4.2% that was due to expire at the end of this month.  

This article identifies the different employment law provisions that can apply where a company wishes to effect organisational change in Norway. The need for consultation, the rules applicable on the transfer of an undertaking and the procedures for collective redundancies are all examined. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in West Virginia. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Virginia. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Texas. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

This tool enables subscribers to search and compare PLC's Non-compete Laws State Q&A resources. Questions and answers address state-specific issues of enforcement, drafting, choice of law, reasonableness of restrictions, remedies and more. Simply select the questions and the jurisdictions that you are interested in and click the "Submit" button. To see all of PLC's State Q&As on Non-compete Laws, see State Q&A Guide to Non-compete Laws. To see all of PLC's State Q&As, including relevant Legal Updates since the publication date (under Related Content), see individual Q&As on the Labor & Employment State Q&As landing page.

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Pennsylvania. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Oklahoma. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in North Carolina. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in New Jersey. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Nevada. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Missouri. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answer to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Minnesota. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Massachusetts. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Louisiana. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answer to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Kansas. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Indiana. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Idaho. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Florida. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Connecticut. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in California. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to non-compete agreements between employers and employees for private employers in Arizona. This Q&A addresses enforcement and drafting considerations for restrictive covenants such as post-employment covenants not to compete and non-solicitation of customers and employees. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Non-compete Laws: State Q&A Tool).

This Note provides an overview of non-compete agreements between employers and employees. Non-compete agreements are largely dependent on state law. This Note contains information that is general and not jurisdiction-specific. For information on state law requirements, see the State Q&A Tools under Related Content to the right.

The article discusses the relationship between national employment law regimes and immigration law, social security law and tax law to demonstrate opportunities for employers to manage cross border labour mobility successfully. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to labour and employee benefits in Romania. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/labourhandbook.

A Q&A guide to labour and employee benefits in Hungary. This Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to labour and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.  

The IRS updated its Frequently Asked Questions page on the Voluntary Classification Settlement Program (VCSP). The VCSP allows employers to voluntarily reclassify current non-employees as employees and is meant to increase tax compliance and improve certainty among employers, employees and the government.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has announced that it has expanded its Voluntary Classification Settlement Program (VCSP), making it possible for many more interested employers to apply. To achieve this expansion, the IRS is modifying the eligibility requirements to allow employers under an IRS audit to qualify for the VCSP, to reduce the special six-year statute of limitations, and to temporarily waive the requirement that employers must have filed required Forms 1099 for workers they wish to reclassify.

This chapter examines the issues which a multinational should consider when adopting an international employment policy.

A Note explaining the independent contractor classification, including the benefits of the classification and the penalties for misclassification. This note addresses federal law. For information on state law requirements, see the State Q&A Tools under Related Content to the right.

This Practice Note outlines various issues under Internal Revenue Code Section 409A that any company whose employees are subject to US income taxation should consider when designing or restructuring a deferred compensation program.

An overview of the key immigration law issues facing executives wishing to relocate to the US and some considerations for moving to the US permanently.This article is part of the PLC US Special Report, which was published to mark the launch of PLC's first US services.

An agreement specifying the terms and conditions of an executive's employment to be executed by both the employer and the executive. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips. It is based on federal law. For information on state law requirements, see the State Q&A Tools under Related Content to the right.  

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Washington. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Utah. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Tennessee. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in South Carolina. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Pennsylvania. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Oklahoma.  This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded.  Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements.  Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool). 

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in North Carolina. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in New Mexico. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement, as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in New Hampshire. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Missouri. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded.  Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Minnesota. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Massachusetts. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Maine. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded.  Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Kentucky. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Iowa. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Illinois. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Georgia. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in the District of Columbia. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Colorado. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Arkansas. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to release of claims agreements for private employers in Alabama. This Q&A addresses statutory and common law claims that may be released in a valid and enforceable written agreement as well as employment claims or specific contract language that should be included or excluded. Federal, local or municipal law may impose additional or different requirements. Answers to questions can be compared across a number of jurisdictions (see Employment Claims in Release Agreements: State Q&A Tool).

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Venezuela. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the United Arab Emirates. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Turkey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Switzerland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in South Korea. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Singapore. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Portugal. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Panama. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Mexico. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Jersey. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Italy. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Indonesia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Hong Kong. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Germany. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Finland. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in the Czech Republic. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Colombia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits law in Canada. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Belgium. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits law. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Q&A guide to employment and employee benefits in Australia. The Q&A gives a high level overview of the key practical issues including: permissions to work; contractual and implied terms of employment; minimum wages; restrictions on working time; illness and injury; rights of parents and carers; data protection; discrimination and harassment; dismissals; redundancies; taxation; employer and parent company liability; employee representation and consultation; consequence of business transfers; pensions; intellectual property; restraint of trade agreements and proposals for reform. To compare answers across multiple jurisdictions, visit the Employment and Employee Benefits Country Q&A tool. The Q&A is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of jurisdictional Q&As visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

This article considers employee representative organisations in the EU, including an analysis of trade unions, works councils, and the relative importance of these organisations in the 27 member states; participation rights in the EU member states, summarising information, consultation and co-determination rights; and employee representation and co-determination rights in selected states (Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland and The Netherlands). This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A California-specific agreement between an employer and an employee concerning confidentiality and appropriate handling of the employer's commercially valuable information, compliance with relevant security rules and policies, and protection of the employer's intellectual property assets. Agreements of this type have various titles, which may use the term "non-disclosure" in place of "confidentiality," or "intellectual property" in place of "proprietary rights." This Standard Document is drafted in favor of the employer. It is based on California law. This Standard Document has integrated notes with important explanations and drafting tips.

This Note discusses directors and officers liability (D&O) insurance, focusing on key types of D&O insurance coverage, policy terms, conditions and exclusions.

This article outlines the relevant Swiss law that may apply in the context of a cross-border inter-group company investigation. In particular the article will examine the position in Switzerland with regard to blocking statues and criminal offences as defined by Swiss courts, looking closely at the impact and interpretation of Articles 271(1), 273 and 162 of the Swiss Penal Code. The article further details the position in Switzerland on data protection, with regard to cross-border data flow and the employer's duty of care and briefly examines the employee's duty of loyalty and duty of confidentiality. This article is part of the PLC multi-jurisdictional guide to employment and employee benefits. For a full list of contents visit www.practicallaw.com/employment-mjg.

A Note on overseas (or expatriate) employment and the best practices for US companies to follow when establishing and maintaining employee relationships. This Note addresses federal law, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as well as practical considerations.